Ali ibn Abi Talib
The first of the boys to become Muslim and the fourth of the Rashidun caliphs
Ali ibn Abi Talib, the cousin and son-in-law of the Prophet Muhammad, the fourth of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, and one of the heralds of Paradise, grew up in the care of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and was converted to Islam as a child before he reached the age of majority, defended Islam young and old, and participated in the great conquests of Islam, known for his courage, intelligence, religious knowledge and wisdom.
During his caliphate, he moved the capital of the Islamic state from Medina to Kufa, and his reign was consumed by strife after the killing of the righteous Caliph Uthman ibn Affan, so he fought the Khawarij and the Sabaeans, and was killed by Abdul Rahman ibn Muljam, an outsider, in 40 AH.
Islam Ali ibn Abi Talib
Stated that Ali ibn Abi Talib entered the Prophet, and he once prayed with Mrs. Khadija, and he was pleased with her, asking him what that worship was, showing him that it was a rite of religion that God had described to his worshippers, sending him his messenger, and offering him faith in his message; By uniting God, disowning idols, he hesitated to accept me, and wanted to consult with his Father. The Prophet thought of spreading the news of the invitation before announcing it himself. He chose me between Islam, or mute it and not inform anyone about it. That night, he thought about the call until the faith fell in his heart. The Prophet repeated the testimonies, disowned the Almighty, surrendered to me, pronounced the testimonies and muted his faith; Afraid of a student's father.
He emigrated to the Al Madina.
Ali was known for his courage and progress from the earliest age, and he was a lover of the Holy Prophet. While he was about 20 years old, he did not hesitate to sleep in the bedding of the Messenger of Allah's Peace Be Upon Him on the night of immigration.
The last people left me to migrate to the city on the order of the Messenger of Allah so that he would return to the people their deposits on which they believed the Holy Prophet. From Mecca to the city, Ali walks out at night and lies in the day. When the Prophet prayed and peace reached the news of his arrival, until the city came. He called him, and people told him that Ali could not walk, so the Prophet said, "The Prophet of the peace and blessings of Allah upon him." The Holy Prophet wiped his honest hands on his feet, and they did not complain until he was martyred.
His marriage to Fatima Zahraa
A number of companions came to propose to Zahra, the daughter of the Prophet, including Abu Bakr and Umar, but the Prophet (peace be upon him) rejected them all because of her young age, until Ali ibn Abi Talib proposed to her and married her after the Battle of Badr (the second year of the Hijrah), when she was 15 years old and Ali was 25 years old.
Ali did not marry Fatima during her lifetime, despite the fact that polygamy was widespread during the era of the Companions, and one of them used to collect more than one woman, but the honor of the Prophet's daughter prevented him from doing so, and when he intended after the conquest of Mecca to marry Abu Jahl's daughter, the Prophet prevented him from doing so unless he divorced Fatima, so he changed his mind and seconded his intention
Jihad of Ali bin Abi Talib Ali bin Abi Talib
May Allah bless him and grant him peace, participated in all the invasions, and was only absent from the invasion of Tabuk, where the Prophet (peace be upon him) succeeded him on that day over the Illuminated City, and among the invasions in which he participated and performed great deeds:
The Battle of Badr: In which Ali (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) carried the brigade of the Muslim army, and he was only twenty years old at the time.
The Battle of Uhud: Ali (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) carried the brigade of the Muslims after the martyrdom of Mus'ab ibn Umayr (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), he also defended the Prophet and stood with him at the end of the battle, and he was wounded by sixteen blows, after the end of the battle, the Prophet (peace be upon him) assigned him to feel the news of the Quraysh, so he went out to follow their trail and learned that they were heading towards Mecca.
The Battle of Hamra al-Assad: Ali (peace be upon him) was one of those who responded to the call of the Prophet (peace be upon him) after the battle of Uhud, and he was the standard bearer of the Muslims.
The Battle of Bani al-Nadir: Ali (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) managed to kill Ezzoak, one of the Jewish leaders.
The Battle of the Trench: Amr ibn Abdul Wad al-Amiri, one of the most famous cavalrymen, was killed by Ali (may Allah bless him).
The Battle of Bani Qurayzah: Ali carried the Muslims' banner and was at the front of the army.
The Battle of Khaybar: Ali carried the banner on the day of Khaybar, and Allah opened its fortresses at his hands.
The Battle of Hunayn: Ali (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) stayed with the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) until the end of the battle: Ali ibn Abi Talib recorded a great position of faith when he refused to erase the words: “Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”, after the polytheists objected to writing it
Some of his exploits during the life of the Prophet (peace be upon him)
Ali ibn Abi Talib participated in all of the Prophet's invasions except for the Battle of Tabuk, where he was deputized over the city in his absence, and when the hypocrites raised that the Prophet had left Ali only because of something he disliked about him, Ali followed him asking why he kept him in the city, and the Holy Prophet said, “O Ali, do you not wish to be like Aaron from Moses except that there is no prophet after me?” “I am satisfied. I am satisfied.”
In the ninth year of the Hijrah, the Prophet entrusted Abu Bakr with the emirate of the pilgrimage, and he announced that “no polytheist will make the pilgrimage after this year, nor will a naked man circumambulate the house.” He sent Ali with him the Surah Baraa (repentance) to read it to the people during the season.
In the same year, the delegation of the people of Yemen came to the Prophet, so he sent Khalid ibn al-Walid with them, and he stayed there for six months calling them, but they did not answer him, so he sent Ali to them, and he invited them and they became Muslims, and he wrote to the Prophet, and he prostrated himself saying: “Peace be upon Hamadan, peace be upon Hamadan.” Ali was about 32 years old at the time.
In the Hajj al-Wada'a, he accompanied the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and had 100 animals with him. The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) slaughtered 63 of them with his own hands, then gave the rest to Ali, who slaughtered the rest of them and shared his gift with him.
His martyrdom
Some of the relatives of those killed from the Kharijites whose sedition was put to sleep by Ali agreed to avenge their relatives, so three people, including Abdul Rahman ibn Muljam, vowed to kill Ali, Muawiya, and Amr ibn al-Aas.
Ibn Muljam traveled to Kufa to carry out what he had agreed upon with his companions, so he lurked for the Commander of the Faithful in the place where he usually goes out at dawn to wake people up for prayer, and this was in Ramadan in the year 40 AH.
When he came out of his house to call the people to prayer, Ibn Muljam rushed to him and struck him with his sword, hitting his forehead and spilling his blood on his beard, so he stayed on Friday and Saturday night, and his soul passed away on Sunday night, and was buried in the Emirate House in Kufa.