Abou bakr
He was born in Mecca and was a companion of the Prophet on his migration to Medina. He was chaste before he became a Muslim and pious afterward, and he witnessed all of the Prophet's conquests with him.
He was chaste before his Islam and pious after it, and witnessed with the Prophet (peace be upon him) all his invasions, and during his caliphate he fought zakat collectors and apostates from Islam after the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him), and during his reign the Islamic state expanded northward and began collecting the Quran.
He was one of the notables of the Quraysh and one of their honored ones, and he was also in charge of blood money, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) called him by this title because he was the first one to believe the Prophet in the incident of Israa and Miraj, One of his titles is also Al-Ateeq, the Prophet (peace be upon him) called him Al-Ateeq because he had a beautiful face,and the Arabs say: A man is a 'Atiq, which means: a generous, honorable, and noble man: Generous
Birth and upbringing
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, whose name is Abdullah ibn 'Uthman ibn 'Uthman ibn 'Amr ibn 'Amr ibn Ka'b ibn Sa'd ibn Tim ibn Marra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ay ibn Ghalib al-Qurashi, meets the Prophet (peace be upon him) in his sixth grandfather Marra, and is called Abu Bakr.
Abu Bakr was born on October 27, 573 AD in Mecca, two years and months after the birth of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
His father was called Abu Qahafa and was Muslim on the day of conquest, and his mother's name was Salma bint Sakhr ibn Amer ibn Ka'b, a cousin of his father, nicknamed Umm al-Khayr, and she became a Muslim early on.
The
description of his face, according to his daughter, Umm al-Mu'mininin
Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), is that he was a white man,
thin and light, with prominent facial veins, sunken eyes, a prominent
forehead, thin legs and a sloping back.
He was rich in his people
and beloved among them for his honesty, mercy, and charity, and he
was considered one of their leaders and consultants, and one of his
duties was to take care of the blood money and fines.
His Islam and call
He was a merchant who never drank wine or worshipped an idol, and he was the first free man to become a Muslim and believe in the Prophet (peace be upon him).
He was one of those who saw the signs of prophethood even before the call of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and heard his signs, so when the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) called him, he immediately accepted it.
The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) was overjoyed with Abu Bakr's Islam, and Al-Siddiq (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) was kind, and his people loved him for his kindness and virtue, and they recognized that he knew their genealogy and history.
Some of the most prominent companions of Abu Bakr (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) were Uthman ibn Affan, Zubair ibn al-Awwam, Talha ibn Ubaydullah, Saad ibn Abi Waqqas, and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah, who were among the pillars on which the call to Islam was built.
His daughter Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) described him as: “A white man, slim, light in build, with a curved back, with a shiny face - i.e., little facial flesh - and sunken eyes.” Despite his status and proximity to the Prophet (peace be upon him), Al-Siddiq (peace be upon him) was humble and influenced by the Prophet (peace be upon him). Ethical qualities Despite al-Siddiq's status and proximity to the Prophet (peace be upon him), he was humble, influenced by the Prophet's (peace be upon him) ethics, and was characterized by generous morals that are endearing to human nature, and he was kind, gentle and compassionate to the weak and poor, as the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: (Abu Bakr: People liked to sit with him because of his good humor, good logic, and sober mind, he was known for his kindness, generosity and generosity, his sincerity was evident in him, and people never witnessed a lie against him, and he was a dignified man with pride, great modesty, and a lot of wisdom.
His work during the reign of the Prophet
Abu Bakr - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - had great deeds that are recorded in his biography with his beloved and Khalil Muhammad - may Allah bless him and grant him peace. Abu Bakr was the first of the men to become Muslim with the Prophet, as soon as he heard about his prophethood from his wife Khadija, he immediately became Muslim without hesitation, due to his deep and absolute belief in Muhammad's sincerity. When the Prophet returned from heaven to tell his people about what he saw in Jerusalem and his description of it, people began to disbelieve the Prophet and did not believe that he would go and return in one night, while Abu Bakr stood by his friend and his absolute belief in him, and said to his people, “Yes, I believe him about more than that, I believe him about the news of the sky in the morning or afternoon,” and the Prophet named him Siddiq for that. Abu Bakr spent all his money to prepare and equip for the migration, leaving nothing for his family and children. He accompanied the Messenger of Allah - may Allah bless him and grant him peace - on his way to migrate to Madinah, faced all the difficulties of the road and traveled the vast desert with him in order to support the Prophet, and slept with him in the cave of Thawr for days, in which Allah revealed: “When those who disbelieved took him out of the cave, he said to his companion, 'Do not be sad, Allah is with us. Abu Bakr participated in the preparation of the Battle of Tabuk, which is called the Battle of Asra, and spent a lot of money to prepare it, and he competed with the Companions and preceded them, and he also spent a lot of money to free slaves. He made a pilgrimage with the Companions in the ninth year of the Hijrah without accompanying Allah's Messenger. He married Allah's Messenger - peace be upon him - and married him to his daughter Aisha, and thus obtained the degree of the Messenger of Allah.
His love for the Prophet (peace be upon him)
He was thrown dirt on his head and beaten with slippers in the Sacred Mosque until he was carried to his home in a robe, and he did not stay there for long until he urged his mother to meet the Prophet, so he went to him leaning on her and Umm Jamil (sister of Umar bin al-Khattab, may Allah be pleased with him), and when he saw him, he was very tender to him and kissed him.
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq assumed the caliphate Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) was the first of the Rightly Guided Caliphs, as he was appointed to the caliphate on the day of the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) in the eleventh year of the Hijrah. He was called the Caliph of the Messenger of Allah, and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to offer al-Siddiq as an imam to pray without other companions, because of his virtue and his position in the call, and the duration of his caliphate was two years and three months, a short period, but it was an important and great period for the call and its dissemination.
Abu Bakr (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) had a great impact in defending the Islamic call and repelling those who deceived it, and his conquests, wars and armies were recorded in history, including:[16] Sending the army of Osama bin Zayd (may Allah bless him and grant him peace), which was prepared before the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) and set out on his order, despite the wars of apostasy that began after the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him and grant him peace). The wars of apostasy began after the death of the Prophet and the apostasy of some people from Islam, as a large number of people apostatized during that period; it was necessary to provide immunity for the call, defend it, and repel those who confronted and attacked it. The Battle of Ajnadin, the Battle of Marj al-Saffar, and the Battle of Yarmouk are some of the most famous battles during his reign, and despite their intensity, the Muslims won a great victory in them. During his reign, Al-Hira, some cities of Iraq, and some cities of the Levant were conquered. The Battle of Yamama, which occurred as a result of the apostasy wars, in which the Muslims were victorious, and Musailama the liar was killed, and many of those who apostatized repented, and a large number of the companions who memorized the Holy Quran were martyred, which led him (may Allah bless him) to think about collecting the Holy Quran, so he ordered Zayd bin Thabit to collect the Holy Quran from what was written and what was memorized, and this was the first collection of the Holy Quran
The most prominent incidents of the caliphate of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) are four:
First: The execution of Osama bin Zayd's army
Before the death of the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him), he prepared an army led by Osama bin Zayd to fight the Romans, but the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) fell ill during that time, so the army was camped in Jurf, north of Medina.
When Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) assumed the caliphate, some of his companions suggested that he keep the army, but he insisted on continuing the military campaign to the Levant, and the Muslims defeated the Romans in that battle.
Second: Fighting the people of apostasy and zakat collectors
When the news of the Prophet's death spread, Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) advised Abu Bakr (may Allah bless him and grant him peace) to leave them, but he refused.
Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “How can you fight people when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, ‘I was ordered to fight people until they say, ’There is no god but Allah, and whoever says it, his money and his soul are safe from me except by right, and his accountability is with Allah.
Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) replied, “By Allah, I will fight anyone who separates prayer and zakat, for zakat is the right of money, and by Allah, if they prevented me from paying an ounce of money to the Messenger of Allah, I would fight them for preventing it.” Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said, “By Allah, it was only when I saw that Allah had opened Abu Bakr's chest to fight that I knew it was the right thing to do.”
Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) sent armies to several areas to fight the apostates, including the army of Ikrima to Oman and the army of Alaa ibn al-Hadhrami to Bahrain.
Third: Fighting Musaylama the False Prophet
Musaylama the liar sent a book to the Prophet during his illness in which he claimed to be his partner in prophethood, and he was rhyming and trying to come up with something similar to the Qur'an revealed to Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him).
Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) sent an army to fight him in Yamama under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him).
Fourth: Expansion and collection of the Qur'an
After fighting the people of apostasy and defeating them, Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him) sent armies to expand northward, and Khalid ibn al-Walid (may Allah be pleased with him) was able to achieve great victories in the Levant in the battles of Yarmouk and Ajnadin.
After
many of the companions were martyred fighting Musaylama in Yamama,
'Umar feared that the Qur'an would be lost due to the martyrdom of
the reciters, and he advised Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him)
to collect it.
Umar reviewed the matter with him until he agreed,
and ordered Zayd ibn Thabit (may Allah bless him and grant him peace)
to trace and collect the Qur'an, and Zayd (may Allah bless him and
grant him peace) was the scribe of the Prophet's revelation.
His illness and death
Aisha, the daughter of al-Siddiq, said: “The first beginning of Abu Bakr's illness was that he washed on Monday, the seventh day of Jumada al-Akhira, and it was a cold day, so he was feverish for 15 days and did not go out to pray.”
In his sickbed, Abu Bakr willed the succession to Umar ibn al-Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them both), and he died in his illness mentioned by Aisha in August 634 AD, and was buried next to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).